Congenital heart disease is inherited, either genetically or through unhealthy habits practiced by pregnant women. This can lead to heart defects in infants, which might progress to a possible heart failure in the future. If caused by genes, it results in disorders like Turner's syndrome, Holt-Oram syndrome, Di George syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Alagille syndrome. If caused due to environmental factors, causes disorders in the infant are caused due to unhealthy practices carried out by the mother like alcohol consumption, smoking, antidepressants, and so on.
The types of medical conditions, either due to genetic or environmental factors, that majorly affect the heart or kidney, liver, bones, are :-
This type of cardiomyopathy is an inherited cause. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disorder where the mother, having that mutation in the genes, passes the same genes to her offspring. Another cause of this disorder is Fabry Disease, which is a genetic disorder caused due to the absence of an enzyme called alpha-galactosidase A. This leads to substances build-up in the walls of the coronary arteries and also affects the kidneys and skin. Another genetic disorder that contributes to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is Friedreich's Ataxia, where there is a mutation in the gene that makes a protein called frataxin. This disease causes loss of sensation in arms and legs and difficulty in a speech that worsens over time. Symptoms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy include fatigue, swelling of legs, shortness of breath, chest pain, etc
It is a type of cardiomyopathy, where the cardiac muscle does not function properly due to genetic defects in it. It primarily affects the tissues of the right ventricle, with associated irregular heartbeats. It first attacks the right ventricle, which puts a lot of stress on the left ventricle, and then, if not treated, stiffens and weakens both the ventricles. Symptoms include irregular heartbeats, blackouts, heart palpitations, etc.
This is an inherited metabolic disorder caused when the lysosomes fail to break down sphingomyelins, a type of sphingolipids, in cells. Symptoms include low platelet count in the blood, enlargement of spleen, liver, and bone marrow cavities which may cause reduced appetite, pain, difficulty in swallowing, abnormal posturing of limbs, face, slurring of speech, sleep deprivation, etc. Loss of myelin in this disorder majorly affects the central nervous system since myelin sheath assists in the speedy transmission of electrical impulses along the axon
Is a genetic disorder. The genetic mutation interferes with the function of an enzyme called alpha-galactosidase A that processes sphingolipids. This leads to substances build-up in the walls of the coronary arteries and also affects the kidneys and skin. Symptoms include pain in the gastrointestinal tract, kidney failure, presence of protein in the urine, thickening of cardiac muscle, shortness of breath, slow heart rhythms, etc
It is a genetic disorder caused due to mutation of the GALC gene, in which the enzyme galactosylceramidase, is encoded. This disorder gradually damages the nervous system. Symptoms involve irritation, fever, vomiting, deafness. muscle weakness, seizures, blindness, difficulty during swallowing.
Is a disorder where sphingolipids get collected in the cells and other organs. It is characterized by the deficiency of an enzyme called galactosylceramidase, which gets accumulated in the white blood cells. This enzyme gets collected in the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, brain. Symptoms include enlargement of the liver, spleen, reduction in white blood cells and platelets, formation of the scar tissue in the liver, low bone density(osteoporosis).
Is a genetic disorder that damages the brain and nerve cells. Symptoms include the child becoming deaf, blind, speech and sound disorder, difficulty in swallowing, etc.
A hereditary condition that reduces the liver's ability to remove low-density lipoprotein. This increases the risk of having a heart attack.
Is a medical condition where the left side of the fetus's heart is underdeveloped. In this syndrome, the infant is very ill and has blue skin color due to the inability of the heart to pump and transfer blood to the body.
This is a condition where the aorta, the blood vessel which is responsible for transporting blood to all organs of the body is very narrow. This might have been due to the underdevelopment of the aorta while the formation of other organs in the fetus's body.
A condition in which a hole develops in the wall that separates the lower chambers of the heart(ventricles).
A condition where the pulmonary valve, the valve responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs is not formed at all.
This is a condition where the arteries or ventricles are underdeveloped or abnormally narrow. Narrowing of the arteries causes hypertension
Caused due to cyanosis, discoloration of the skin(the skin tunes bluish-gray due to lack of oxygen in the body)
A congenital disorder comprising of four cardiac defects, pulmonary stenosis(obstruction of blood flow from the lower right heart chamber to the pulmonary artery), ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta.
A genetic disorder caused due to the presence of a third copy of a chromosome(21). Symptoms include intellectual disability, defects in the mitral valve but they have a lower risk of suffering from a heart attack there have been fewer cases of hardening of arteries in their hearts.
A genetic disorder caused due to a missing X chromosome. Women with Turner syndrome are unable to have children during adulthood. Symptoms include swollen hands and legs during birth, low hairline, etc.
A genetic disorder that affects the bones and causes heart problems.
Comes under congenital heart disorder. This is caused when the electrical signals that help the individual cells of the heart to communicate, are disrupted, leading to a genetic mutation in the person's DNA. Symptoms include blacking out and sudden cardiac death.
This is a medical condition caused due to an accessory pathway in the heart. An accessory pathway is an extra electrical pathway present between the upper and lower chambers of the heart. This results in rapid heartbeats, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, dizziness, etc
The cardiology team of Dr. Swapnil Mate's Cardiology clinic includes experienced cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, cardiac imaging specialists who help detect the problem and recommend the ideal surgery to the patients. They mention the advantages and risks associated with the surgeries they plan to do on their cardiac patients. Consult Dr. Swapnil Mate for the best medical assistance.